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Understanding the True Cost of Flying: The FreightMetrics Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator

Sep 26, 2026

Executive summary

Australia has 16,636 aircraft on its civil register, more than half of them over 37 years old, and recent airline collapses show how quickly thin margins become losses. The Freight Metrics Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator helps owners and operators see the full cost of flying before they quote a charter, buy an aircraft or take on a contract.

The calculator covers 97 aircraft types, from a Cessna 172 to a Boeing 787 and Airbus A380. It starts with built-in fuel burn, aircraft values, crew, maintenance and tyre costs, which users replace with their own figures. It reports cost per hour, per day, per passenger and per nautical mile, plus the rate needed to reach a target margin.

This paper explains how the calculator works, its main functions and what users should consider. It also sets out industry context from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA), the Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics (BITRE) and the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), with a United States comparison from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Every figure is sourced; where official data does not exist in the form commonly quoted, the paper says so.

Industry context

Registered aircraft: a large, ageing fleet

CASA recorded 16,636 aircraft on the Australian Civil Aircraft Register at 30 June 2026. Of the aircraft on the register, more than 50% are over 37 years old and 18% are over 56 years old. BITRE activity data indicates that 15,051 aircraft are actively flown, about 10% fewer than are registered (CASA, PP 2616CS, July 2026).

The active fleet is dominated by light aircraft.

Category

Maximum take-off weight

Active aircraft

Fixed wing

Under 8,618 kg

10,076

Helicopters

Under 3,175 kg

2,236

Gliders

Under 8,618 kg

1,250

Balloons

Under 8,618 kg

453

Fixed wing

8,618 kg to 54,500 kg

394

Fixed wing

Over 54,500 kg

373

Helicopters

3,175 kg to 5,700 kg

144

Helicopters

Over 5,700 kg

113

Remotely piloted (powered lift)

Over 150 kg

11

Airship

Under 8,618 kg

1

Total

 

15,051

Source: CASA PP 2616CS, Table 8, based on BITRE volumes.

CASA publishes only the current register and refers requests for historic entries to its aircraft registrar, so a verified 15-year comparison of registered aircraft is not publicly available (CASA, Data files for registered aircraft). From July 2027, all VH-registered aircraft will move to annual registration, which CASA expects to improve the accuracy of fleet data.

Aviation businesses: what the official data does and does not show

The ABS does not publish a single figure for the number of aviation businesses that have closed over the past 15 years. Its Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits reports exits year by year, with industry detail (including air and space transport) in downloadable data cubes.

What the ABS headline data does show (release of 18 August 2026):

  • The Transport, Postal and Warehousing division, which includes air transport, had 261,109 actively trading businesses at 30 June 2026, up 4.9% in 2025–26.
  • Across all industries, 375,331 businesses exited in 2025–26, against 460,461 entries.
  • An ABS ‘exit’ is a business that stops actively trading, not necessarily a business failure.

High-profile failures show the pressure on airline economics. Low-cost carrier Bonza stopped flying in April 2024, about 15 months after launch. Regional Express (Rex) entered voluntary administration on 30 July 2024, grounding its Boeing 737 fleet and cancelling flights between major cities (CAPA). Across all industries, ASIC recorded 14,722 companies entering external administration for the first time in 2024–25, up 33.2% on the prior year.

United States comparison

The United States had an estimated 213,756 active general aviation aircraft in 2024, roughly 14 times the 15,051 aircraft actively flown in Australia (the two counts are defined differently), and the same cost pressures apply. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) defines an active aircraft as one that flies at least one hour in the year (FAA Aerospace Forecast FY2026–2046).

US active general aviation fleet

2016

2024

Change

Fixed-wing piston

142,638

138,960

−2.6%

Fixed-wing turbine

23,530

28,759

+22.2%

Rotorcraft

10,577

10,573

0.0%

Light-sport aircraft

2,478

3,088

+24.6%

Experimental and other

32,571

32,377

−0.6%

Total

211,794

213,756

+0.9%

Source: FAA Aerospace Forecast FY2026–2046, active general aviation aircraft chart. Change percentages are calculated from these figures; totals may differ by one aircraft due to rounding in the source.

Key points from the FAA forecast:

  • The piston fleet is ageing and shrinking. In 2024, 27.2% of US fixed-wing piston aircraft were at least 60 years old, and the FAA expects this to exceed 50% during the forecast period. It cites rising ownership costs as one reason the piston fleet will contract.
  • Flying is rising faster than the fleet. General aviation flew an estimated 29.0 million hours in 2024, the highest since 2000 and 13.5% above 2019.
  • The commercial fleet is constrained. The active US commercial fleet shrank by 135 aircraft in 2024 and stood at 6,949 aircraft in 2025, held back by retirements, groundings and delayed deliveries from Boeing and Airbus.
  • Pilot numbers are growing. There were 887,519 active FAA-certificated pilots at the end of 2025.

US airline failures mirror Australia’s. Spirit Airlines filed for Chapter 11 in November 2024, emerged in March 2025, and filed a second Chapter 11 case on 29 August 2025. Regional carriers Silver Airways and Seaborne Airlines filed for Chapter 11 at the end of 2024 and were later converted to Chapter 7 liquidation (Holland & Knight, 2025 Aviation Bankruptcy Update; Epiq, Spirit case 25-11897).

This paper does not include a verified count of US aviation business closures over 15 years.

The common thread is cost. An operator who does not know its cost per flight hour cannot tell whether a charter rate or route covers it.

About the Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator

The Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator is an online tool that estimates what it costs to own and fly an aircraft, from a light single-engine trainer to a wide-body airliner. It sits within the Freight Metrics aviation suite alongside a Helicopter Operating Cost Calculator, an Aircraft Finance Calculator and a live aircraft tracking map (Freight Metrics, Aviation calculators).

It is built for charter and air-freight operators, flying schools, private owners, prospective buyers, and the accountants and financiers who advise them. Its purpose: know the true cost per flight hour before quoting a charter.

Access works in two tiers:

How it works

The user selects one of 97 aircraft types, and the calculator loads starting values for fuel burn, aircraft value, crew, maintenance and tyre costs. The user then replaces any of these with their own fuel, aircraft, finance, crew, maintenance and operating figures. The calculator combines them into a total annual cost and spreads it across flight hours, days, flights and passengers.

As with any vehicle, costs fall into two families.

Cost type

Behaviour

Examples

Fixed (standing) costs

Incurred whether or not the aircraft flies

Finance repayments, depreciation, insurance, hangarage, fixed crew salaries

Variable (direct operating) costs

Rise with every hour flown

Fuel, maintenance and engine reserves, tyres, landing and navigation charges

Once annual totals are known, the unit cost follows. The underlying arithmetic, shown here for cost per flight hour, is:

\text{Cost per flight hour} = \frac{\text{Annual fixed costs} + \text{Annual variable costs}}{\text{Annual flight hours}}

Dividing the same total by days, flights, passengers carried or nautical miles flown gives the other unit costs. Utilisation matters greatly: fixed costs spread over fewer flight hours push up the cost of every hour.

The calculator reports estimated costs per year, month, hour and flight, together with cost per passenger and per nautical mile. It also shows the charge rate needed to reach a target margin (Freight Metrics home page; Trial page).

Key functions

The calculator does six jobs that matter to an aviation business.

  • Built-in aircraft data. Starting values for 77 aircraft types, from light trainers to the Boeing 787 and A380, give a sound first estimate before the user’s own figures are added.
  • Full cost breakdown. Fuel, finance, crew, maintenance, tyres and other operating costs are shown per year, month, hour and flight.
  • Unit pricing. It converts the total into cost per flight hour, per day, per passenger and per nautical mile.
  • Target-margin pricing. It shows the charge rate needed to reach a chosen margin, the number a charter quote is built on.
  • ‘What if’ scenarios. Changing a single input, such as fuel price, annual hours, a different aircraft or new loan terms, shows the effect before money is committed.
  • Shareable summaries. Clear cost summaries can go to customers, accountants and lenders to support pricing and finance applications.

The Aircraft Finance Calculator in the same membership shows repayment amounts, total interest and total principal for any single payment period. A separate Helicopter Operating Cost Calculator covers rotary-wing operations.

Sources: Freight Metrics home page; Aviation calculators.

Considerations for users

Built-in values are a starting point, not a quote. The result is only as good as the figures entered, so users get the most reliable answer by working through these points.

  1. Replace defaults with actual figures. Use your own fuel invoices, maintenance records, insurance premiums and crew costs wherever you have them.
  2. Be realistic about flight hours. Annual hours drive cost per hour. Allow for weather, maintenance downtime, seasonal demand and positioning flights.
  3. Include every fixed cost. Finance, depreciation, insurance and hangarage continue when the aircraft is on the ground. Leaving them out understates cost.
  4. Provide for major overhauls. Engine and propeller overhauls are large, periodic costs. Setting aside a reserve per flight hour spreads them across the hours that cause them.
  5. Account for fleet age. With more than half the register over 37 years old, older aircraft may need higher maintenance and inspection allowances.
  6. Plan for fuel volatility. Fuel is usually the largest variable cost. Re-run the numbers when fuel prices move, and consider a fuel surcharge on charter work.
  7. Budget for regulatory costs. CASA plans annual registration for VH aircraft from July 2027, with a levy proposed from 1 July 2028. The amount had not been set at the time of writing.
  8. Add margin on top of cost. Cost per hour is the break-even point. Use the target-margin rate to price for profit and risk.

The calculator produces estimates, not financial, tax, legal or airworthiness advice. Freight Metrics’ disclaimer states use is at the user’s own risk, and users should confirm major decisions with their accountant, financier or maintenance provider.

Conclusion

Australia’s civil fleet is large, old and expensive to keep flying, and recent airline failures show how quickly costs can outrun revenue. In that environment, pricing a charter or buying an aircraft on instinct is a serious risk.

The Freight Metrics Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator turns built-in aircraft data and an operator’s own numbers into a clear cost per hour, per flight, per passenger and per nautical mile, plus the rate needed to make a margin. Used with accurate records and reviewed regularly, it gives owners and operators a defensible basis for every quote and decision.

Try the Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator.

References

  1. Civil Aviation Safety Authority (2026), PP 2616CS: Proposed annual registration for VH aircraft, July 2026 (includes BITRE activity volumes).
  2. Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Data files for registered aircraft.
  3. Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics, Australian Aircraft Activity.
  4. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2026), Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, July 2022 – June 2026, released 18 August 2026.
  5. Australian Securities and Investments Commission, ASIC Corporate Insolvency Update – Issue 37.
  6. CAPA – Centre for Aviation (2024), Rex Airlines enters voluntary administration.
  7. Spice News (2024), Rex airlines enters voluntary administration (Bonza collapse, April 2024).
  8. Federal Aviation Administration (2026), FAA Aerospace Forecast, Fiscal Years 2026–2046.
  9. Holland & Knight (2026), 2025 Aviation Bankruptcy Update.
  10. Epiq Corporate Restructuring, Spirit Aviation Holdings, Inc., et al., Case 25-11897.
  11. Freight Metrics, Aircraft Operating Cost Calculator Trial; Aviation calculators; Home page, accessed 26 September 2026.